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1 2 3 Freedberg DE, Kim LS, Yang YX (2017). “The Risks and Benefits of Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review and Best Practice Advice From the American Gastroenterological Association”. Gastroenterology. 152 (4): 706–715. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.031. PMID28257716. Conclusions:Baseline differences between PPI users and non-users make it challenging to study potential PPI adverse effects retrospectively. Despite a large number of studies, the overall quality of evidence for PPI adverse effects is low to very low. When PPIs are appropriately prescribed, their benefits are likely to outweigh their risks. When PPIs are inappropriately prescribed, modest risks become important because there is no potential benefit. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend specific strategies for mitigating PPI adverse effects.
1 2 3 Vaezi MF, Yang YX, Howden CW (2017). “Complications of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy”. Gastroenterology. 153 (1): 35–48. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.047. PMID28528705. In turn, this has caused unnecessary concern among patients and prescribers. The benefits of PPI therapy for appropriate indications need to be considered, along with the likelihood of the proposed risks. Patients with a proven indication for a PPI should continue to receive it in the lowest effective dose. PPI dose escalation and continued chronic therapy in those unresponsive to initial empiric therapy is discouraged.
